abstract：:We have developed a musculoskeletal model of the human lower extremity for computer simulation studies of musculotendon function and muscle coordination during movement. This model incorporates the salient features of muscle and tendon, specifies the musculoskeletal geometry and musculotendon parameters of 18 musculot...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hoy MG,Zajac FE,Gordon ME

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study the investigations made on about 50 trunk tissue densities are described. They were performed on ten cadavers of both sexes within 24 h of the moment of death. They were 20-40 yr old. The weight of each tissue was measured on a laboratory scale and the volume by placing the tissue in a pycnometer filled ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Erdmann WS,Gos T

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The behaviour of a deformable porous medium during the flow of fluid under a pressure difference is examined for both infinitesimal and finite deformations. Models for both cases are solved for the problem of steady one-dimensional compression and compared with experimental data from Parker et al. (J. appl. Mech. 54, ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Barry SI,Aldis GK

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes a method for adjusting biomechanics platform measures of sway for loss of balance. Area and velocity measures of sway were determined in forty-seven elderly women, in double and single leg stance, first with their eyes open, then closed. Subjects were rarely able to complete 10 s trials during sin...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hasan SS,Lichtenstein MJ,Shiavi RG

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to provide physical information supporting the clinical use of flow mapping, an in vitro model was designed to measure the velocity fields in a pulsatile hydraulic turbulent jet. We used a peak velocity ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 m.s-1, an orifice diameter ranging from 5.8 to 11.3 mm and confined the jet in a re...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Diebold B,Delouche A,Dumée P,Guglielmi JP,Delouche P,Péronneau P

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to monitor the healing of bone fractures is crucially important in their treatment. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an objective method for monitoring fracture healing based on bone vibrational response. An analytic model was formulated, with which the mechanical parameters at the ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Nikiforidis G,Bezerianos A,Dimarogonas A,Sutherland C

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects and interaction of the anatomical displacements in the human knee are a prerequisite to an accurate assessment and communication of the kinematic data. For the kinematic information to be used to improve diagnosis and treatment, and for better prosthetic design and installation, there must be clear, concis...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Pennock GR,Clark KJ

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of the improved esthetic potential of glass-ceramic crowns as dental restorations, they are sometimes preferred over metal-ceramic crowns for restoration of anterior teeth. Because of their relatively high strength, these ceramic crowns are also frequently used for restoration of posterior teeth. However, due ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hojjatie B,Anusavice KJ

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle stiffness increases faster than muscle force during the rising phase of a tetanic contraction, and decreases more slowly during the falling phase. Different models of the stiffness arising from series, parallels, and crossbridge elasticity were compared to determine whether they could account quantitatively for...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Bobet J,Stein RB,Oğuztöreli MN

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to obtain insight into the coactivation behaviour of the jaw muscles under various a priori defined static loading conditions of the mandible. As the masticatory system is mechanically redundant, an infinite number of recruitment patterns is theoretically possible to produce a certain bite fo...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Van Eijden TM,Brugman P,Weijs WA,Oosting J

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to find the optimal values of design parameters for a bicycle-rider system (crank length, pelvic inclination, seat height, and rate of crank rotation) which maximize the power output from muscles of the human lower limb during bicycling. The human lower limb was modelled as a planar syste...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Yoshihuku Y,Herzog W

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of a finite element based computational method, RFEM3D, is described for the study of strain-induced bone remodeling. The purpose of the research is to find the potential influence on the predictions of surface bone remodeling when various models for the maturation of newly deposited bone are used. A parameter...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hart RT

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of non-habitual physical activity on bone architecture in the rat humeral shaft was examined. Two groups of rats were trained to swim for 1 h a day, for 20 weeks, at two training levels. The control group consisted of sedentary rats. Parameters of cross-sectional bone morphology (cross-section areas, princi...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Simkin A,Leichter I,Swissa A,Samueloff S

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An experimental setup was developed for statically measuring seven vertical and three horizontal reaction forces on the foot. In the setup, the leg can be simultaneously loaded (1) by a vertical force, (2) by an externally applied axial moment, and (3) by simulated muscle forces. The foot is free to invert under influ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Ottevanger EJ,Spoor CW,van Leeuwen JL,Sauren AA,Janssen JD,Huson A

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Terry Fox jogging (TFJ) prosthesis was developed at Chedoke-McMaster Hospital to alleviate the asymmetric jogging pattern experienced by above-knee amputees when attempting to jog with conventional walking prostheses. This prosthesis features a spring-loaded, telescoping shank designed to eliminate any vaulting ac...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： DiAngelo DJ,Winter DA,Ghista DN,Newcombe WR

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a generalized beam theory in which deformation and load are determined simultaneously, in order to analyze statically indeterminant problems involving long bones. We regard a long bone as a beam curved in three dimensions for which the cross-sectional properties vary continuously along its length. The theor...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Salathe EP Jr,Arangio GA,Salathe EP

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper considers a finite element method to characterize blood flow in the human arm arteries. A set of different pressure waveforms, which represent normal and diseased heart pulses, is used for the proximal boundary conditions, and a modified Windkessel model is used for the distal arterial boundary conditions. ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Balar SD,Rogge TR,Young DF

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Starting from the laws of thermodynamics of reversible processes, a temperature-dependent constitutive equation is derived for the elastic force-length relation of soft biological tissues. These tissues are composed of a network of fibres (mainly collagen). The equation is based on a model which uses a simplified two-...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Maes M,Vanhuyse VJ,Decraemer WF,Raman ER

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An apparatus was designed for mechanical compression of cultured articular cartilage explants with acylindrical plain-ended loading head (diameter 2-5 mm) driven by a stepping motor. A load cell under the culture dish was applied for feedback regulation utilizing a microprocessor-based control unit. The operating prog...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Parkkinen JJ,Lammi MJ,Karjalainen S,Laakkonen J,Hyvärinen E,Tiihonen A,Helminen HJ,Tammi M

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A mathematical model is introduced to investigate the influence of the physical properties of the resistance vessel wall on the metabolic and myogenic mechanisms. The resistance vessel wall is assumed to have an elastic property and the elastic modulus to be a function of pressure (myogenic) and flow (metabolic). Bloo...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Iida N

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Locomotion of the horse is simulated using a mathematical model based on rigid body dynamics. A general method to generate the equations of motion for a two-dimensional rigid body model with an arbitrary number of hinge joints is presented and a numerical solution method, restricted to tree-structured models, is descr...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： van den Bogert AJ,Schamhardt HC,Crowe A

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An axisymmetric finite element model of a body-disc-body unit has been developed and used to study the relative effects of two distinct direction-dependent material representations of the disc annulus on the predicted state of stresses in the disc. The annulus fibrosus is modelled either as nonhomogeneous fibre reinfo...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Shirazi-Adl A

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A two-dimensional, five-muscle model was used to determine the degree of precision required for accurate calculation of temporomandibular joint force magnitude and direction. The sensitivity of the calculations to each variable were assessed by incrementing each variable through its presumed biological range and were ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Throckmorton GS

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The contribution of this paper is a bivariate optimization of cycling performance. Relying on a biomechanical model of the lower limb, a cost function derived from the joint moments developed during cycling is computed. At constant average power, both pedalling rate (i.e. rpm) and crank arm length are systematically v...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Hull ML,Gonzalez H

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vivo measurements of the loads and deformations occurring in orthopaedic implants will allow future improvements to be made. This paper describes an extremely small telemetry for long term measurements with three strain gauges and methods for an absolutely safe implant design. Developed for measuring the load at hi...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Bergmann G,Graichen F,Siraky J,Jendrzynski H,Rohlmann A

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The second part of this study of the six axes of head motion caused by translational seat vibration is concerned with the effect of fore-and-aft (x-axis) and lateral (y-axis) seat vibration. Seat-to-head transmissibilities have been determined at frequencies up to 16 Hz for each of the three translational and three ro...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Paddan GS,Griffin MJ

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For the purpose of detecting early aberrations of gait in rheumatoid arthritis 17 women suffering from that disease were examined. They were all under 50 years of age and had an essentially normal range of motility in the hips, knees and ankles. Eleven healthy women walking at voluntary speed and 6 healthy women walki...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Isacson J,Broström LA

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An experimental method has been developed to analyse muscular forces and torques in vivo during isometric flexion of the elbow in small monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). A mini-transducer was built with a view to measure forces in situ, without cutting tendons. The positions of tendon insertions were measured on anatomic...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Landjerit B,Maton B,Peres G

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wall shear stress distribution in the carotid siphon, which is a multiple curved segment of the internal carotid artery, is investigated numerically under physiological flow conditions. The computer simulation of flow through the model segment is based on the time-dependent, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Perktold K,Florian H,Hilbert D,Peter R

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents a general method for simulating the movement of the lower extremity during human walking. It is based upon two separate algorithms: one for single support (an open kinematic chain), and the other for the double support phase (a closed-loop linkage). Central to each of these is the recursive Newton-...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Pandy MG,Berme N

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A design is presented for a bicycle pedal dynamometer that measures both normal and tangential forces (i.e. driving forces). Mechanical decoupling is used to reduce the cross-sensitivity of the dynamometer to loads doing no work to propel the bicycle. This obviates the need to measure all six loads for accurate data r...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Newmiller J,Hull ML,Zajac FE

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A stereoradiographic method was developed to measure the three-dimensional shape of the rib cage in vivo in order to provide descriptive data and to study symmetry in the normal population. The method is also intended for use in description of rib asymmetry in scoliosis. Rib midlines were reconstructed from digitized ...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Dansereau J,Stokes IA

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human compact bone may be viewed as a fiber reinforced composite material in which the secondary osteons act as the fiber reinforcements. The cement line, which is the interface between the 'fibers' (osteons) and extraosteonal bone matrix, may impart important mechanical properties to compact bone. The nature of these...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Burr DB,Schaffler MB,Frederickson RG

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skeleton consists of a series of elements with a variety of functions. In locations where shape or protection are of prime importance the bone's architecture is achieved during growth under direct genetic control. In locations where resistance to repetitive loading is important only the general form of the bone wi...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Lanyon LE

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of changing the direction of the bite force and of the mandibular joint reaction have been studied with a mathematical model assisted by a computer using the technique of linear programming. We conclude the following: In the sagittal plane the long axes of lower molars are each tilted in the direction that...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Baragar FA,Osborn JW

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bilateral asymmetry in gallop stride limb contact patterns of four Quarter Horse fillies was documented by high-speed cinematography. Horses were filmed with rider by two cameras simultaneously while galloping along a straightaway. Even though signaled for each gallop lead an equivalent number of times, horses frequen...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Deuel NR,Lawrence LM

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper considers the effect of internal material damping on the stresses, strains, and surface and internal remodelling behaviour in a section of axisymmetrical bone with a force-fitted axially oriented medullary pin. The bone response to several loading situations is modelled using visco-elastic equations. An app...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Misra JC,Samanta S

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress relaxation experiments were performed on specimens from a human intervertebral disc. Specimens were made from the nucleus pulposus and from the external lamellae of the anulus fibrosus in two different orientations. Tests were run with varying moisture content so as to develop a relaxation master curve. A model...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Panagiotacopulos ND,Pope MH,Krag MH,Bloch R

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Factors were examined which altered the propagation of aortic dissections in canine aortas. Thoracic aortas were removed from sacrificed dogs from the distal end of the arch to the diaphragm. An intimal tear was created at the proximal end of the aorta. The dissection was propagated using a pulsatile pressure system w...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： van Baardwijk C,Roach MR

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Being concerned with physical anthropometric dimensions to explore avenues of research on hands and their working strategies, a research study was made to develop a suitable method by using available photogrammetric resources. The paper discusses the optimums of details found by this study, viz., the use of a Wild C-4...

journal_title：Journal of biomechanics

authors： Ghosh SK,Poirier F

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00